Masoka aku Hillsborough: Nchiyani Chidachitika & Ndani Ankayankha? Ndipo Ndani Anali Woyeserera Anne Williams?

Loweruka pa 15 Epulo 1989, otsatira 96 ​​aku Liverpool omwe adachita nawo semifinal ya FA Cup pakati pa Liverpool ndi Nottingham Forest adaphedwa pomwe opikisana nawo adachita ku Hillsborough Stadium ku Sheffield. Zomwe zimapweteketsa mabanja a omwe akuzunzidwa, njira yalamulo yotsimikizira izi ndikudziwulula kuti ali ndi vuto ladzidzidzi ku Hillsborough yakhala ikuchitika kwa zaka zopitilira 30

Ndi anthu 96 omwe anafa komanso kuvulala kwa 766, Hillsborough idakhalabe ngozi yamasewera yoyipa kwambiri m'mbiri yaku Britain.

Chakumapeto kwa chaka chino, sewero latsopano la ITV Anne adzafufuza zoyeserera chilungamo cha Anne Williams kuti adziwe zoona zake, atakana kukhulupirira mbiri yakufa kwa mwana wawo wamwamuna wazaka 15, Kevin, ku Hillsborough.

Pano, wolemba mbiri yamasewera a Simon Inglis akufotokoza momwe ngozi ya ku Hillsborough idachitikira komanso chifukwa chomwe nkhondo yovomerezeka yotsimikizira kuti mafani a Liverpool adaphedwa mosaloledwa zidatenga zaka zoposa 27…

M'zaka zonse za m'ma 2000, FA Cup - yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1871 ndipo mpikisano wampikisano wodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - idakopa anthu ambiri. Zolemba pamisonkhano zinali zofala. Sitediyamu ya Wembley ikadapanda kulengedwa, monga momwe zidalili mu 1922-23, zikadapanda kuti Cup ipemphe modabwitsa.

Pachikhalidwe, chikho chimaliziro chomaliza cha chikho chidasewera m'malo osalowerera ndale, imodzi mwodziwika kwambiri ku Hillsborough, kwawo kwa Sheffield Lachitatu. Ngakhale adayitanidwa pomwe mafani 38 adavulala pamapeto omaliza mu 1981, Hillsborough, yokwanira 54,000, idadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri ku Britain.

Mwakutero, mu 1988 idakumananso ndi theka lina, Liverpool v Nottingham Forest, popanda chochitika. Chifukwa chake zidawoneka ngati chisankho chodziwikiratu, mwangozi, magulu awiriwa adakopeka kuti adzakumanenso chimodzimodzi chaka chotsatira, pa 15 Epulo 1989.

Ngakhale anali ndi fanbase yayikulu, Liverpool, mokhumudwa kwawo, monga mu 1988, idapatsa Leppings Lane End ya Hillsborough yaying'ono, yokhala ndi gawo lokhala pansi lomwe limapezeka kuchokera pagawo limodzi lakutembenuka, ndi bwalo la owonera 10,100, opezeka ndi asanu ndi awiri okha zotembenuza.

Ngakhale malinga ndi miyezo yamasiku ano, izi sizinali zokwanira ndipo zidapangitsa kuti opitilira 5,000 aku Liverpool athamangire panja pomwe 3pm imayamba. Chiyambi cha masewera chikadachedwa, wopondayo akadatha kuyang'aniridwa. M'malo mwake, a Commander Commander a Police ku South Yorkshire, a David Duckenfield, adalamula kuti zipata zotseguka zizitsegulidwa, kulola mafani 2,000 kuti adutse.

Iwo omwe anatembenukira kumanja kapena kumanzere kulowera kumakona amakona adapeza malo. Komabe, ambiri amapita mosazindikira, osachenjezedwa ndi oyang'anira kapena apolisi, kupita ku cholembera chapakati chodzaza kale, chofikira kudzera mumsewu wa 23m.

Pamene ngalandeyo idadzaza, iwo omwe anali kutsogolo kwa bwaloli adadzipeza okha atakanikizana ndi mipanda yazitsulo, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1977 ngati njira yotsutsa-hooligan. Chodabwitsa, pomwe mafani anali kuvutika modzaza maso ndi apolisi (omwe anali ndi chipinda chowongolera moyang'anizana ndi bwalo), masewerawo adayamba ndikupitilira pafupifupi mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka kuyimitsidwa kudayitanidwa.

Monga momwe zinalembedwera pachikumbutso ku Anfield ground ya Liverpool, womaliza kwambiri ku Hillsborough anali Jon-Paul Gilhooley wazaka 10, msuweni wa Liverpool komanso England, Steven Gerrard. Wakale kwambiri anali wazaka 67 Gerard Baron, wogwira ntchito positi. Mchimwene wake wamkulu Kevin adasewera Liverpool mu 1950 Cup Final.

Akufa asanu ndi awiri anali azimayi, kuphatikiza azilongo achichepere, Sarah ndi Vicki Hick, omwe abambo awo analinso pamtunda ndipo amayi awo adawona zochitikazo zikuchitika pafupi ndi North Stand.

M'mbiri yake yomaliza, mu Januware 1990, Lord Justice Taylor adapereka malingaliro angapo, odziwika bwino kwambiri anali oti mabwalo akuluakulu asinthidwe kukhala mipando yokha. Chofunikira kwambiri, adapatsanso oyang'anira mpira ndi makalabu udindo waukulu pakuwongolera unyinji, komanso kulimbikitsanso apolisi kuti akhale ophunzitsidwa bwino ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka anthu ndikulimbikitsa ubale wabwino. Monga momwe mipikisano yambiri ya mpira yomwe idangotuluka kumene ya nthawiyo imati, mafani osalakwa, omvera malamulo adatopa ndikuchitiridwa zachipongwe.

Pulofesa Phil Scraton, yemwe nkhani yake yakusokonekera, Hillsborough - The Truth idasindikizidwa patatha zaka 10 pambuyo pa tsikulo, adayankhanso ambiri pomwe amafunsa apolisi oyang'anira mipanda. "Kufuula ndi kuchonderera mosimidwa ... zinali kumveka kuchokera panjira yofananira." Olemba ndemanga ena adazindikira momwe oyang'anira mderalo adachitiridwira nkhanza chifukwa chaku Menya kwa Strike, zaka zisanu m'mbuyomu.

Koma kuwonekera koopsa kwambiri kudagwera pa Match Commissioner wa apolisi, David Duckenfield. Anangopatsidwa ntchitoyi masiku 19 okha, ndipo uwu unali masewera ake oyamba kuwongolera.

Kutengera ndi zomwe apolisi adalemba koyambirira, The Sun idadzudzula omwe adakumana ndi tsoka la Hillsborough kwa mafani aku Liverpool, akuwayimba mlandu kuti aledzera, ndipo nthawi zina amaletsa mwadala kuyankha kwadzidzidzi. Adatinso mafani adakodira wapolisi, ndikuti ndalama zidabedwa kwa ozunzidwa. Usiku Dzuwa lidachita bwino ku Merseyside.

Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher sanali wokonda mpira. M'malo mwake, poyankha kuchulukana kwachinyengo pamasewera mzaka za m'ma 1980 boma lake linali kukhazikitsa lamulo lotsutsana la Spectators 'Act, lofuna kuti mafani onse alowe nawo chikalata chovomerezeka. Mayi Thatcher adapita ku Hillsborough tsiku lotsatira chiwonetserocho ndi mlembi wake wa atolankhani a Bernard Ingham ndi Secretary of the Home a Douglas Hurd, koma adangolankhula ndi apolisi ndi akuluakulu wamba. Anapitilizabe kubwezera zomwe apolisi adachita ngakhale Taylor Report atawulula mabodza awo.

Komabe, pomwe zolakwika zomwe zimapezeka mu Soccer Spectators 'Act zidayamba kuwonekera, mawu ake adasinthidwa kuti agogomeze chitetezo cha bwaloli m'malo modalira owonerera. Koma kunyansidwa kwa Mayi Thatcher pa mpira sikunaiwawalike ndipo, poopa kuti anthu awabwezera, makalabu ambiri adakana kulola kuti akhale chete kwakanthawi kuti alembe zakufa kwake ku 2013. Sir Bernard Ingham, akupitilizabe kuimba mlandu mafani a Liverpool mpaka posachedwa mu 2016.

Zomwe zakhala zikupweteka mabanja a omwe akuzunzidwa, njira yovomerezeka yotsimikizira izi ndikudziyimba mlandu yakhala ikuchitika kwazaka zopitilira 30.

Mu 1991 bwalo lamilandu lamilandu ya coroner idapeza ndi chigamulo chachikulu cha 9-2 chokomera kufa mwangozi. Kuyesera konse kuyambiranso chigamulochi kudalephereka. Mu 1998 bungwe la Hillsborough Family Support Group lidayamba kuyimba mlandu a Duckenfield ndi wachiwiri wake, koma sizinapambane. Pomaliza, mchaka chokumbukira chaka cha 20 boma lidalengeza kuti gulu lodziyimira palokha la Hillsborough lakhazikitsidwa. Izi zidatenga zaka zitatu kuti atsimikizire kuti Duckenfield ndi maofesala ake adanamiziradi kuti abweretse cholakwa kwa mafani.

Kufunsanso kwatsopano kunalamulidwa, kutenganso zaka ziwiri khothi lisanatenge chigamulo choyambirira cha coroners ndikuweruza mu 2016 kuti ozunzidwayo adaphedwa mosaloledwa.

Duckenfield pamapeto pake adazengedwa mlandu ku Preston Crown Court mu Januware 2019, kuti makhothiwo alephera kuweruza. Poyesanso mlandu wake kumapeto kwa chaka chomwecho, ngakhale adavomereza kuti anama, ndipo osatchulapo chilichonse chokhudza zomwe Lipoti la Taylor lidapeza, kusakhulupirika kwa mabanja aku Hillsborough Duckenfield adamasulidwa pamlandu wopha anthu ambiri.

Pokana kukhulupirira mbiri yakufa kwa mwana wawo wamwamuna wazaka 15 zakufa kwa Kevin ku Hillsborough, Anne Willams, wogwira ntchito m'sitolo yogwira ntchito ku Formby, adalimbana ndi kampeni yake yosaleka. Pempho lake loti awunikenso milandu aweruzidwa mpaka mu 2012 gulu lodziyimira pawokha la Hillsborough lidasanthula umboni womwe adapeza - ngakhale sanaphunzitsidwe mwalamulo - ndikusintha chigamulo choyambirira chaimfa mwangozi.

Ndiumboni wochokera kwa wapolisi yemwe adapita kwa mwana wake wovulala kwambiri, Williams adatha kutsimikizira kuti Kevin adakhalabe wamoyo mpaka 4pm patsikuli - patadutsa nthawi yayitali kuchokera ku 3.15pm kudulidwa komwe kunayikidwa ndi coroner woyamba - ndipo chifukwa chake apolisi ndi ambulansi ntchito inali italephera pantchito yawo yosamalira. "Izi ndi zomwe ndidamenyera," adauza a David Conn a The Guardian, m'modzi mwa atolankhani ochepa kuti afotokozere milandu yonse yalamulo. “Sindinataye mtima.” Zachisoni, adamwalira ndi khansa patangopita masiku ochepa.

Pamalamulo, zikuwoneka ngati ayi. Omenyera ufulu wawo tsopano atembenukira kukalimbikitsa 'Lamulo la Hillsborough'. Ngati ataperekedwa, Bill of Public Authority (Accountability) Bill ipatsa udindo pantchito yaboma kuchitapo kanthu nthawi zonse mokomera anthu, mosabisa, mosabisa, komanso moona mtima, ndikuti mabanja omwe aferedwa apeze ndalama zakuyimira milandu m'malo mokweza amalipira okha. Koma kuwerengedwa kwachiwiri kwa lamuloli kwachedwa - biluyi sinapitilire kupitilira nyumba yamalamulo kuyambira 2017.

Omenyera ufulu ku Hillsborough akuchenjeza kuti zomwezi zomwe zidasokoneza zoyeserera zawo zikubwerezedwanso pankhani ya Grenfell Tower.

Mverani kwa katswiri wazomangamanga a Peter Deakins akukambirana zomwe adachita pakupanga nsanja ya Grenfell ndikuwona malo ake m'mbiri yazanyumba ku Britain:

Kwambiri. Lipoti la Taylor lidalimbikitsa kuti malo akulu azikhala onse pambuyo pa 1994, ndikuti udindo wa oyang'anira maboma uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi Authority Licensing Authority yomwe yangokhazikitsidwa kumene (yomwe idasinthidwa kukhala Sports Grounds Safety Authority). Njira zatsopano zokhudzana ndi zosowa zamankhwala, kuyankhulana pawailesi, kuyang'anira ndi kasamalidwe kazachitetezo tsopano zakhala zofananira. Chofunikira ndichakuti chitetezo tsopano ndiudindo wa omwe akuyendetsa bwalo lamasewera, osati apolisi. Masewera omaliza a FA Cup tsopano akonzedwa ku Wembley.

Pambuyo pa 1989 panali zoopsa ku Ibrox Park, Glasgow mu 1902 (26 akufa), Bolton mu 1946 (33 akufa), Ibrox kachiwiri mu 1971 (66 akufa) ndi Bradford mu 1985 (56 akufa). Pakatikati panali zoopsa zina zingapo zakudziko komanso zophonya pafupi.

Kuyambira Hillsborough sipanakhale ngozi zazikulu pabwalo la mpira waku Britain. Koma monga Taylor mwiniwake adachenjezera, mdani wamkulu wachitetezo ndikumangodandaula.

Simon Inglis ndi mlembi wa mabuku angapo onena zamasewera ndi mabwalo amasewera. Adanenanso zomwe zachitika ku Hillsborough kwa The Guardian ndi Observer, ndipo mu 1990 adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Soccer Licensing Authority. Adasinthanso mitundu iwiri ya The Guide to Safety ku Sports Grounds, ndipo kuyambira 2004 wakhala mkonzi wa Played ku Britain mndandanda wa English Heritage (www.playedinbritain.co.uk).


Post nthawi: Apr-30-2020

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